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market turned south

Толкование Перевод

1 the market turned south

market turned south: the market turned south (infrml) FIN, STOCK die Kurse gaben (auf breiter Front) nach, die Kurse gingen (auf breiter Front) nach unten, (infrml) die Kurse gingen in den Keller (when major indices all finish lower)

Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > the market turned south
2 market

market1 v GEN, S&M vertreiben, auf den Markt bringen market2 1. ECON, S&M Markt m; 2. STOCK Börse f • at market STOCK zum letzten Kurs (price) • clear the market ECON, S&M den Markt räumen • come onto the market S&M auf den Markt kommen • on the market PROP auf dem Markt • on thin markets STOCK bei geringen Umsätzen, bei schwachen Umsätzen • the market turned south FIN, STOCK (infrml) die Kurse gaben (auf breiter Front) nach, die Kurse gingen (auf breiter Front) nach unten, (infrml) die Kurse gingen in den Keller (the major indices all finished lower)

Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > market
3 south

•• north/south

•• * Слова north и south, помимо своих географических значений, имеют также интуитивно ясные значения, близкие к словам выше/ниже, больше/меньше, вверх/вниз и даже лучше/хуже. Некоторая зыбкость делает описание этих значений нелегким делом. Но в конкретном примере подобрать перевод, как правило, не очень трудно:
•• Last week the house approved a defense bill north of $400 billion. (Wall Street Journal)
•• Просто a fancy way of saying over $400 billion – хотя могут возразить, что появляется элемент некоторого сарказма. Может быть – это для меня остается не совсем ясным.
•• When the occupation [of Iraq] turned south, the backbiting and second-guessing were inevitable.
•• Поскольку речь идет о военной кампании, можно подумать, что здесь имеется в виду что-то географическое. Но нет:
•• Когда дела у оккупационных властей пошли хуже, закулисные интриги и критика уже принятых решений стали неизбежными.
•• (Кстати, о глаголе to second-guess. Часто встречающееся значение задним числом оспаривать какое-либо решение – отсутствует во многих словарях. Приведу его определение по словарю Merriam-Webster Online: to criticize or question actions or decisions of ( someone) often after the results of those actions or decisions are known. Приводимые, например, в ABBYY Lingvo, значения предвидеть, предугадать, предвосхитить кажутся мне неточными. Это подтверждает и приводимый в Webster’s Third International Dictionary пример, довольно окказиональный, на мой взгляд: lived royally by his ability to second-guess the stock market. Это ближе к приводимому в American Heritage синониму to outguess, т.е. перехитрить. Предвидеть – не значение, а контекстуальный перевод.)
•• Интересный пример из рассказа Ричарда Форда The Shore. Агент по продаже недвижимости говорит потенциальному покупателю, который, как ему кажется, в последний момент засомневался:
•• Look here. What’s bothering you, Geoff? Do you have some reluctance? Because, if you do, I want you to stop right here. I’ll call up Moncrieff and Barnacle and tell’em the deal’s gone south or we need more time. Whatever. - <...> Если возникли сомнения, то, уверяю тебя, ты можешь дать задний ход. Я позвоню Монкриффу и Барнаклу и скажу, что сделка расстроилась. Или что нам нужно время. Или еще что-нибудь.
•• Контекстуальный перевод – сделка расстроилась – обусловлен сочетаемостью слова сделка в функции подлежащего.
•• В других случаях подходящее слово подобрать легче, главное – не ошибиться в понимании смысла. Так, в сообщении Asscociated Press о дискуссии по проблеме будущего системы пенсионного обеспечения США приводится такой сценарий:
•• If future promised benefits are not cut and the government has borrowed trillions, an economic disaster could occur: the markets go south, interest rates go up, and the economy stalls out. – Если не сократить обязательства по пенсионным выплатам и государству придется заимствовать триллионы долларов, результатом может стать экономическая катастрофа: рынки акций резко пойдут вниз, процентные ставки – вверх, и экономика будет обречена на застой.

English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > south
4 turn

turn [tɜ:n]

tourner ⇒ 1A (a), 1B (a), 1B (d), 1C (d), 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (f) faire tourner ⇒ 1A (a) retourner ⇒ 1B (a) changer ⇒ 1C (a) faire devenir ⇒ 1C (a) se tourner ⇒ 2 (a) se retourner ⇒ 2 (b) devenir ⇒ 2 (d) se changer ⇒ 2 (e) tour ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (d), 3 (f), 3 (g) tournant ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) virage ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) tournure ⇒ 3 (d)

1 transitive verb

A.

(a) (cause to rotate, move round) tourner; (shaft, axle) faire tourner, faire pivoter; (direct) diriger;

∎ she turned the key in the lock (to lock) elle a donné un tour de clé (à la porte), elle a fermé la porte à clé; (to unlock) elle a ouvert la porte avec la clé;

∎ turn the wheel all the way round faites faire un tour complet à la roue;

∎ Cars to turn the (steering) wheel tourner le volant;

∎ turn the knob to the right tournez le bouton vers la droite;

∎ turn the knob to "record" mettez le bouton en position "enregistrer";

∎ she turned the oven to its highest setting elle a allumé ou mis le four à la température maximum;

∎ she turned her chair towards the window elle a tourné sa chaise face à la fenêtre;

∎ he turned the car into the drive il a engagé la voiture dans l'allée;

∎ we turned our steps homeward nous avons dirigé nos pas vers la maison;

∎ turn your head this way tournez la tête de ce côté

(b) figurative (change orientation of)

∎ she turned the conversation to sport elle a orienté la conversation vers le sport;

∎ their votes could turn the election in his favour leurs voix pourraient faire basculer les élections en sa faveur;

∎ he would not be turned from his decision to resign il n'y a pas eu moyen de le faire revenir sur sa décision de démissionner;

∎ nothing would turn the rebels from their cause rien ne pourrait détourner les rebelles de leur cause;

∎ you've turned my whole family against me vous avez monté toute ma famille contre moi;

∎ we turned his joke against him nous avons retourné la plaisanterie contre lui;

∎ let's turn our attention to the matter in hand occupons-nous de l'affaire en question;

∎ she turned her attention to the problem elle s'est concentrée sur le problème;

∎ to turn one's thoughts to God tourner ses pensées vers Dieu;

∎ research workers have turned the theory to practical use les chercheurs ont mis la théorie en pratique;

∎ how can we turn this policy to our advantage or account? comment tirer parti de cette politique?, comment tourner cette politique à notre avantage?;

∎ to turn one's back on sb tourner le dos à qn;

∎ she looked at the letter the minute his back was turned dès qu'il a eu le dos tourné, elle a jeté un coup d'œil à la lettre;

∎ how can you turn your back on your own family? comment peux-tu abandonner ta famille?;

∎ she turned her back on her friends elle a tourné le dos à ses amis;

∎ to turn one's back on the past tourner la page, tourner le dos au passé;

∎ she was so pretty that she turned heads wherever she went elle était si jolie que tout le monde se retournait sur son passage;

∎ success had not turned his head la réussite ne lui avait pas tourné la tête, il ne s'était pas laissé griser par la réussite;

∎ all their compliments had turned her head tous leurs compliments lui étaient montés à la tête ou lui avaient tourné la tête;

∎ to turn the tables on sb reprendre l'avantage sur qn;

∎ figurative now the tables are turned maintenant les rôles sont renversés

B.

(a) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ collar, mattress, sausages, soil, hay) retourner;

∎ the very thought of food turns my stomach l'idée même de manger me soulève le cœur;

∎ to turn sth on its head bouleverser qch, mettre qch sens dessus dessous;

∎ recent events have turned the situation on its head les événements récents ont retourné la situation

(b) (send away)

∎ he turned the beggar from his door il a chassé le mendiant;

∎ they turned the poachers off their land ils ont chassé les braconniers de leurs terres

(c) (release, let loose)

∎ he turned the cattle into the field il a fait rentrer le bétail dans le champ

(d) (go round → corner) tourner

(e) (reach → in age, time) passer, franchir;

∎ I had just turned twenty je venais d'avoir vingt ans;

∎ she's turned thirty elle a trente ans passés, elle a dépassé le cap de la trentaine;

∎ it has only just turned four o'clock il est quatre heures passées de quelques secondes

(f) (do, perform) faire;

∎ the skater turned a circle on the ice la patineuse a décrit un cercle sur la glace;

∎ to turn a cartwheel faire la roue

(g) (ankle) tordre;

∎ I've turned my ankle je me suis tordu la cheville

C.

(a) (transform, change) changer, transformer; (make) faire devenir, rendre;

∎ to turn sth into sth transformer ou changer qch en qch;

∎ bitterness turned their love into hate l'amertume a transformé leur amour en haine;

∎ she turned the remark into a joke elle a tourné la remarque en plaisanterie;

∎ they're turning the book into a film ils adaptent le livre pour l'écran;

∎ the sight turned his heart to ice le spectacle lui a glacé le cœur ou l'a glacé;

∎ Stock Exchange you should turn your shares into cash vous devriez réaliser vos actions;

∎ time had turned the pages yellow le temps avait jauni les pages

(b) (make bad, affect)

∎ the lemon juice turned the milk (sour) le jus de citron a fait tourner le lait

(c) American Commerce (goods) promouvoir la vente de; (money) gagner;

∎ to turn a good profit faire de gros bénéfices;

∎ he turns an honest penny il gagne sa vie honnêtement;

∎ familiar he was out to turn a fast buck il cherchait à gagner ou faire du fric facilement

(d) Technology (shape) tourner, façonner au tour;

∎ a well-turned leg une jambe bien faite;

∎ figurative to turn a phrase faire des phrases

2 intransitive verb

(a) (move round → handle, key, wheel) tourner; (→ shaft) tourner, pivoter; (→ person) se tourner;

∎ to turn on an axis tourner autour d'un axe;

∎ the crane turned (through) 180° la grue a pivoté de 180°;

∎ the key won't turn la clé ne tourne pas;

∎ he turned right round il a fait volte-face;

∎ they turned towards me ils se sont tournés vers moi ou de mon côté;

∎ they turned from the gruesome sight ils se sont détournés de cet horrible spectacle;

∎ turn (round) and face the front tourne-toi et regarde devant toi

(b) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ car, person, ship) se retourner;

∎ figurative the smell made my stomach turn l'odeur m'a soulevé le cœur

(c) (change direction → person) tourner; (→ vehicle) tourner, virer; (→ luck, wind) tourner, changer; (→ river, road) faire un coude; (→ tide) changer de direction;

∎ turn (to the) right (walking) tournez à droite; (driving) tournez ou prenez à droite;

∎ Military right turn! à droite!;

∎ we turned towards town nous nous sommes dirigés vers la ville;

∎ he turned (round) and went back il a fait demi-tour et est revenu sur ses pas;

∎ the road turns south la route tourne vers le sud;

∎ the car turned into our street la voiture a tourné dans notre rue;

∎ we turned onto the main road nous nous sommes engagés dans ou nous avons pris la grand-route;

∎ we turned off the main road nous avons quitté la grand-route;

∎ Stock Exchange the market turned downwards/upwards le marché était à la baisse/à la hausse;

∎ figurative I don't know where or which way to turn je ne sais plus quoi faire

(d) (with adj or noun complement) (become) devenir;

∎ it's turning cold il commence à faire froid;

∎ the weather's turned bad le temps s'est gâté;

∎ the argument turned nasty la dispute s'est envenimée;

∎ she turned angry when he refused elle s'est mise en colère quand il a refusé;

∎ to turn red/blue virer au rouge/bleu;

∎ he turned red il a rougi;

∎ a lawyer turned politician un avocat devenu homme politique;

∎ to turn professional passer ou devenir professionnel;

∎ the whole family turned Muslim toute la famille s'est convertie à l'islam

(e) (transform) se changer, se transformer;

∎ the pumpkin turned into a carriage la citrouille s'est transformée en carrosse;

∎ the rain turned to snow la pluie s'est transformée en neige;

∎ the little girl had turned into a young woman la petite fille était devenue une jeune femme;

∎ their love turned to hate leur amour se changea en haine ou fit place à la haine

(f) (leaf) tourner, jaunir; (milk) tourner;

∎ the weather has turned le temps a changé

3 noun

(a) (revolution, rotation) tour m;

∎ he gave the handle a turn il a tourné la poignée;

∎ give the screw another turn donnez un autre tour de vis;

∎ with a turn of the wrist avec un tour de poignet

(b) (change of course, direction) tournant m; (in skiing) virage m;

∎ to make a right turn (walking) tourner à droite; (driving) tourner ou prendre à droite;

∎ take the second turn on the right prenez la deuxième à droite;

∎ no right turn (sign) défense de tourner à droite;

∎ figurative at every turn à tout instant, à tout bout de champ

(c) (bend, curve in road) virage m, tournant m;

∎ there is a sharp turn to the left la route fait un brusque virage ou tourne brusquement à gauche

(d) (change in state, nature) tour m, tournure f;

∎ the conversation took a new turn la conversation a pris une nouvelle tournure;

∎ it was an unexpected turn of events les événements ont pris une tournure imprévue;

∎ things took a turn for the worse/better les choses se sont aggravées/améliorées;

∎ the patient took a turn for the worse/better l'état du malade s'est aggravé/amélioré;

∎ the situation took a tragic turn la situation a tourné au tragique

(e) (time of change)

∎ at the turn of the year vers la fin de l'année;

∎ at the turn of the century au tournant du siècle

(f) (in game, order, queue) tour m;

∎ it's my turn c'est à moi, c'est mon tour;

∎ whose turn is it? (in queue) (c'est) à qui le tour?; (in game) c'est à qui de jouer?;

∎ it's his turn to do the dishes c'est à lui ou c'est son tour de faire la vaisselle;

∎ you'll have to wait your turn il faudra attendre ton tour;

∎ they laughed and cried by turns ils passaient tour à tour du rire aux larmes;

∎ to take it in turns to do sth faire qch à tour de rôle;

∎ let's take it in turns to drive relayons-nous au volant;

∎ we took turns sleeping on the floor nous avons dormi par terre à tour de rôle;

∎ turn and turn about à tour de rôle

(g) (action, deed)

∎ to do sb a good/bad turn rendre service/jouer un mauvais tour à qn;

∎ he did them a bad turn il leur a joué un mauvais tour;

∎ I've done my good turn for the day j'ai fait ma bonne action de la journée;

∎ proverb one good turn deserves another = un service en vaut un autre, un service rendu en appelle un autre

(h) familiar (attack of illness) crise f, attaque f;

∎ she had one of her (funny) turns this morning elle a eu une de ses crises ce matin

(i) familiar (shock)

∎ you gave me quite a turn! tu m'as fait une sacrée peur!, tu m'as fait une de ces peurs!;

∎ it gave me such a turn! j'ai eu une de ces peurs!

(j) old-fashioned (short trip, ride, walk) tour m;

∎ let's go for or take a turn in the garden allons faire un tour dans le jardin

(k) (tendency, style)

∎ to have an optimistic turn of mind être optimiste de nature ou d'un naturel optimiste;

∎ he has a strange turn of mind il a une drôle de mentalité;

∎ to have a good turn of speed rouler vite;

∎ turn of phrase tournure f ou tour m de phrase;

∎ she has a witty turn of phrase elle est très spirituelle ou pleine d'esprit

(l) (purpose, requirement) exigence f, besoin m;

∎ this book has served its turn ce livre a fait son temps

(m) Music doublé m

(n) Stock Exchange (transaction) transaction f (qui comprend l'achat et la vente); British (difference in price) écart m entre le prix d'achat et le prix de vente

(o) British Theatre numéro m;

∎ a comedy turn un numéro de comédie

(p) British Cookery

∎ done to a turn cuit à point; familiar humorous (tanned) tout bronzé

4 in turn adverb

∎ she interviewed each of us in turn elle a eu un entretien avec chacun de nous l'un après l'autre;

∎ I told Sarah and she in turn told Paul je l'ai dit à Sarah qui, à son tour, l'a dit à Paul;

∎ I worked in turn as a waiter, an actor and a teacher j'ai travaillé successivement ou tour à tour comme serveur, acteur et enseignant

5 on the turn adjective

∎ to be on the turn être sur le point de changer;

∎ the tide is on the turn c'est le changement de marée; figurative le vent tourne;

∎ the milk is on the turn le lait commence à tourner

6 out of turn adverb

∎ don't play out of turn attends ton tour pour jouer;

∎ figurative to speak out of turn faire des remarques déplacées, parler mal à propos

►► (shift) turn of duty (gen) tour m de service; Military tour m de garde;

American turn signal clignotant m, Belgian clignoteur m, Swiss signofil(e) m;

American turn signal lever (manette f de) clignotant m

➲ turn against inseparable transitive verb

se retourner contre, s'en prendre à

➲ turn around = turn round

➲ turn aside

1 intransitive verb

(move to one side) s'écarter; also figurative (move away) se détourner;

∎ she turned aside to blow her nose elle se détourna pour se moucher

2 separable transitive verb

also figurative écarter, détourner

➲ turn away

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (avert) détourner;

∎ she turned her head away from him elle s'est détournée de lui

(b) (reject → person) renvoyer; (stronger) chasser;

∎ the college turned away hundreds of applicants l'université a refusé des centaines de candidats;

∎ she turned the salesman away elle chassa le représentant;

∎ to turn people away (in theatre etc) refuser du monde;

∎ we've been turning business away nous avons refusé du travail

2 intransitive verb

se détourner;

∎ he turned away from them in anger en ou de colère, il leur a tourné le dos

➲ turn back

1 intransitive verb

(a) (return → person) revenir, rebrousser chemin; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;

∎ it was getting dark so we decided to turn back comme il commençait à faire nuit, nous avons décidé de faire demi-tour;

∎ my mind is made up, there is no turning back ma décision est prise, je ne reviendrai pas dessus

(b) (go back in book)

∎ turn back to chapter one revenez ou retournez au premier chapitre

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (force to return) faire faire demi-tour à; (refugee) refouler

(b) (fold → collar, sheet) rabattre; (→ sleeves) remonter, retrousser; (→ corner of page) corner

(c) (idiom)

∎ to turn the clock back remonter dans le temps, revenir en arrière

➲ turn down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (heating, lighting, sound) baisser

(b) (fold → sheet) rabattre, retourner; (→ collar) rabattre;

∎ to turn down the corner of a page corner une page;

∎ to turn down the bed ouvrir le lit

(c) (reject → offer, request, suitor) rejeter, repousser; (→ candidate, job) refuser;

∎ they offered him a job but he turned them down ils lui ont proposé un emploi mais il a rejeté leur offre;

∎ familiar she turned me down flat elle m'a envoyé balader

2 intransitive verb

(move downwards) tourner vers le bas;

∎ the corners of his mouth turned down il a fait la moue ou une grimace désapprobatrice

➲ turn in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (return, give in → borrowed article, equipment, piece of work) rendre, rapporter; (→ criminal) livrer à la police;

∎ they turned the thief in (took him to the police) ils ont livré le voleur à la police; (informed on him) ils ont dénoncé le voleur à la police

(b) (fold in)

∎ turn in the edges rentrez les bords

(c) (produce)

∎ the actor turned in a good performance l'acteur a très bien joué;

∎ the company turned in record profits l'entreprise a fait des bénéfices record

2 intransitive verb

(a) (feet, toes)

∎ my toes turn in j'ai les pieds en dedans

(b) (go through entrance off road etc)

∎ he turned in at the gate arrivé à la porte, il est entré

(c) familiar (go to bed) se coucher^□

(d) (idiom)

∎ to turn in on oneself se replier sur soi-même

➲ turn off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ heater, radio, television) éteindre, fermer; (cut off at mains) couper; (tap) fermer;

∎ she turned the ignition/engine off elle a coupé le contact/arrêté le moteur

(b) familiar (fail to interest) rebuter^□ ; (sexually) couper l'envie à; (repulse) débecter;

∎ her superior attitude really turns me off son air suffisant me rebute

2 intransitive verb

(a) (leave road) tourner;

∎ we turned off at junction 5 nous avons pris la sortie d'autoroute 5

(b) (switch off) s'éteindre;

∎ the heater turns off automatically l'appareil de chauffage s'éteint ou s'arrête automatiquement

➲ turn on

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch on → electricity, heating, light, radio, television) allumer; (→ engine) mettre en marche; (→ water) faire couler; (→ tap) ouvrir; (open at mains) ouvrir;

∎ figurative she can turn on the charm/the tears whenever necessary elle sait faire du charme/pleurer quand il le faut

(b) familiar (person → interest) intéresser^□ ; (→ sexually) exciter; (→ introduce to drugs) initier à la drogue^□ ;

∎ to be turned on (sexually) être excité;

∎ the movie didn't turn me on at all le film ne m'a vraiment pas emballé;

∎ he turned us on to this new pianist il nous a fait découvrir ce nouveau pianiste

2 inseparable transitive verb

(attack) attaquer;

∎ the dogs turned on him les chiens l'ont attaqué ou se sont jetés sur lui;

∎ his colleagues turned on him and accused him of stealing ses collègues s'en sont pris à lui et l'ont accusé de vol

3 intransitive verb

(take drugs) se droguer

4 intransitive verb

(a) (switch on) s'allumer;

∎ the oven turns on automatically le four s'allume automatiquement

(b) (depend, hinge on) dépendre de, reposer sur;

∎ the whole case turned on or upon this detail toute l'affaire reposait sur ce détail;

∎ everything turns on whether he continues as president tout dépend s'il reste président ou non

➲ turn out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ gas) éteindre, couper

(b) (point outwards)

∎ she turns her toes out when she walks elle marche en canard

(c) (dismiss, expel) mettre à la porte; (tenant) expulser, déloger;

∎ he turned his daughter out of the house il a mis sa fille à la porte ou a chassé sa fille de la maison;

∎ he was turned out of his job il a été renvoyé

(d) (empty → container, pockets) retourner, vider; (→ contents) vider; (→ jelly) verser;

∎ turn the cake out onto a plate démoulez le gâteau sur une assiette

(e) British (clean) nettoyer à fond;

∎ to turn out a room faire une pièce à fond

(f) (produce) produire, fabriquer;

∎ he turns out a book a year il écrit un livre par an;

∎ few schools turn out the kind of people we need peu d'écoles forment le type de gens qu'il nous faut

(g) (police, troops) envoyer;

∎ turn out the guard! faites sortir la garde!

(h) (usu passive) (dress) habiller;

∎ nicely or smartly turned out élégant;

∎ he was turned out in a suit and a tie il portait un costume-cravate;

∎ she always turns her children out beautifully elle habille toujours bien ses enfants

2 intransitive verb

(a) (show up) venir, arriver; Military (guard) (aller) prendre la faction; (troops) aller au rassemblement;

∎ thousands turned out for the concert des milliers de gens sont venus ou ont assisté au concert;

∎ the doctor had to turn out in the middle of the night le docteur a dû se déplacer au milieu de la nuit

(b) (car, person) sortir, partir;

∎ the car turned out of the car park la voiture est sortie du parking

(c) (point outwards)

∎ my feet turn out j'ai les pieds en canard ou en dehors

(d) (prove) se révéler, s'avérer;

∎ his statement turned out to be false sa déclaration s'est révélée fausse;

∎ her story turned out to be true ce qu'elle a raconté était vrai;

∎ he turned out to be a scoundrel il s'est révélé être un vaurien, on s'est rendu compte que c'était un vaurien;

∎ it turns out that… il se trouve que… + indicative

(e) (end up)

∎ I don't know how it turned out je ne sais pas comment cela a fini;

∎ how did the cake turn out? le gâteau était-il réussi?;

∎ the story turned out happily l'histoire s'est bien terminée ou a bien fini;

∎ the evening turned out badly la soirée a mal tourné;

∎ everything will turn out fine tout va s'arranger ou ira bien;

∎ as it turns out, he needn't have worried en l'occurrence ou en fin de compte, ce n'était pas la peine de se faire du souci

(f) British familiar (get out of bed) se lever^□, sortir du lit^□

➲ turn over

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (playing card, mattress, person, stone) retourner; (page) tourner; (vehicle) retourner; (boat) faire chavirer;

∎ I was turning over the pages of the magazine je feuilletais la revue;

∎ figurative to turn over a new leaf s'acheter une conduite;

∎ Agriculture to turn over the soil retourner la terre

(b) (consider) réfléchir à ou sur;

∎ I was turning the idea over in my mind je tournais et retournais ou ruminais l'idée dans ma tête

(c) (hand over, transfer) rendre, remettre;

∎ he turned the responsibility over to his deputy il s'est déchargé de la responsabilité sur son adjoint;

∎ to turn sb over to the authorities livrer qn aux autorités

(d) (change) transformer, changer;

∎ he's turning the land over to cattle farming il reconvertit sa terre dans l'élevage du bétail

(e) Commerce

∎ the store turns over £1,000 a week la boutique fait un chiffre d'affaires de 1000 livres par semaine

(f) (search through) fouiller

(g) British familiar (rob → person) voler^□, dévaliser^□ ; (→ store) dévaliser^□ ; (→ house) cambrioler^□

2 intransitive verb

(a) (roll over → person) se retourner; (→ vehicle) se retourner, faire un tonneau; (→ boat) se retourner, chavirer

(b) (engine) commencer à tourner

(c) (when reading) tourner;

∎ please turn over (in letter) TSVP

(d) Television (change channel) changer de chaîne

(e) Commerce (merchandise) s'écouler, se vendre

➲ turn round

1 intransitive verb British

(a) (rotate → person) se retourner; (→ object) tourner;

∎ she turned round and waved goodbye elle se retourna et dit au revoir de la main;

∎ the dancers turned round and round les danseurs tournaient ou tournoyaient (sur eux-mêmes)

(b) (face opposite direction → person) faire volte-face, faire demi-tour; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;

∎ figurative she turned round and accused us of stealing elle s'est retournée contre nous et nous a accusés de vol

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (rotate → head) tourner; (→ object, person) tourner, retourner; (→ vehicle) faire faire demi-tour à;

∎ could you turn the car round please? tu peux faire demi-tour, s'il te plaît?

(b) (quantity of work) traiter

(c) (change nature of)

∎ to turn a situation round renverser une situation;

∎ Commerce to turn a company round sauver une entreprise de la faillite

(d) (sentence, idea) retourner

➲ turn to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (person) se tourner vers; (→ page) aller à;

∎ turn to chapter one allez au premier chapitre

(b) (seek help from) s'adresser à, se tourner vers;

∎ to turn to sb for advice consulter qn, demander conseil à qn;

∎ I don't know who to turn to je ne sais pas à qui m'adresser ou qui aller trouver;

∎ he turned to his mother for sympathy il s'est tourné vers sa mère pour qu'elle le console;

∎ she won't turn to me for help elle ne veut pas me demander de l'aide;

∎ he turned to the bottle il s'est mis à boire

(c) figurative (shift, move on to)

∎ her thoughts turned to her sister elle se mit à penser à sa sœur;

∎ the discussion turned to the war on se mit à discuter de la guerre

(d) (address → subject, issue etc) aborder, traiter;

∎ we shall now turn to the problem of housing nous allons maintenant aborder le problème du logement;

∎ let us turn to another topic passons à un autre sujet

➲ turn up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (heat, lighting, radio, TV) mettre plus fort;

∎ to turn the sound up augmenter ou monter le volume;

∎ she turned the oven up elle a mis ou réglé le four plus fort, elle a augmenté la température du four;

∎ British very familiar turn it up! la ferme!

(b) (find, unearth) découvrir, dénicher; (buried object) déterrer;

∎ her research turned up some interesting new facts sa recherche a révélé de nouveaux détails intéressants

(c) (point upwards) remonter, relever;

∎ she has a turned-up nose elle a le nez retroussé

(d) (collar) relever; (trousers) remonter; (sleeve) retrousser, remonter; (in order to shorten) raccourcir en faisant un ourlet

(e) (uncover → card) retourner

2 intransitive verb

(a) (appear) apparaître; (arrive) arriver;

∎ she turned up at my office this morning elle s'est présentée à mon bureau ce matin;

∎ he'll turn up again one of these days il reviendra bien un de ces jours;

∎ I'll take the first job that turns up je prendrai le premier poste qui se présentera

(b) (be found) être trouvé ou retrouvé;

∎ her bag turned up eventually elle a fini par retrouver son sac

(c) (happen) se passer, arriver;

∎ don't worry, something will turn up ne t'en fais pas, tu finiras par trouver quelque chose;

∎ until something better turns up en attendant mieux

✾ Book ✾ Music 'The Turn of the Screw' James, Britten 'Le Tour d'écrou'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > turn
5 north

•• north/south

•• * Слова north и south, помимо своих географических значений, имеют также интуитивно ясные значения, близкие к словам выше/ниже, больше/меньше, вверх/вниз и даже лучше/хуже. Некоторая зыбкость делает описание этих значений нелегким делом. Но в конкретном примере подобрать перевод, как правило, не очень трудно:
•• Last week the house approved a defense bill north of $400 billion. (Wall Street Journal)
•• Просто a fancy way of saying over $400 billion – хотя могут возразить, что появляется элемент некоторого сарказма. Может быть – это для меня остается не совсем ясным.
•• When the occupation [of Iraq] turned south, the backbiting and second-guessing were inevitable.
•• Поскольку речь идет о военной кампании, можно подумать, что здесь имеется в виду что-то географическое. Но нет:
•• Когда дела у оккупационных властей пошли хуже, закулисные интриги и критика уже принятых решений стали неизбежными.
•• (Кстати, о глаголе to second-guess. Часто встречающееся значение задним числом оспаривать какое-либо решение – отсутствует во многих словарях. Приведу его определение по словарю Merriam-Webster Online: to criticize or question actions or decisions of ( someone) often after the results of those actions or decisions are known. Приводимые, например, в ABBYY Lingvo, значения предвидеть, предугадать, предвосхитить кажутся мне неточными. Это подтверждает и приводимый в Webster’s Third International Dictionary пример, довольно окказиональный, на мой взгляд: lived royally by his ability to second-guess the stock market. Это ближе к приводимому в American Heritage синониму to outguess, т.е. перехитрить. Предвидеть – не значение, а контекстуальный перевод.)
•• Интересный пример из рассказа Ричарда Форда The Shore. Агент по продаже недвижимости говорит потенциальному покупателю, который, как ему кажется, в последний момент засомневался:
•• Look here. What’s bothering you, Geoff? Do you have some reluctance? Because, if you do, I want you to stop right here. I’ll call up Moncrieff and Barnacle and tell’em the deal’s gone south or we need more time. Whatever. - <...> Если возникли сомнения, то, уверяю тебя, ты можешь дать задний ход. Я позвоню Монкриффу и Барнаклу и скажу, что сделка расстроилась. Или что нам нужно время. Или еще что-нибудь.
•• Контекстуальный перевод – сделка расстроилась – обусловлен сочетаемостью слова сделка в функции подлежащего.
•• В других случаях подходящее слово подобрать легче, главное – не ошибиться в понимании смысла. Так, в сообщении Asscociated Press о дискуссии по проблеме будущего системы пенсионного обеспечения США приводится такой сценарий:
•• If future promised benefits are not cut and the government has borrowed trillions, an economic disaster could occur: the markets go south, interest rates go up, and the economy stalls out. – Если не сократить обязательства по пенсионным выплатам и государству придется заимствовать триллионы долларов, результатом может стать экономическая катастрофа: рынки акций резко пойдут вниз, процентные ставки – вверх, и экономика будет обречена на застой.

English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > north
6 calesa

f.

calash.

* * *

calesa

► nombre femenino

1 coloquial calash, calèche

* * *

SF chaise, calash, buggy

* * *

femenino calash

* * *

= horse and buggy, buggy, victoria.

Ex. It is certainly a new technology in the same sense that the 'horseless carriage' automobile was a different technology from the horse and buggy.

Ex. The emphasis on industrial production meant that niceties would have to wait: there were textiles to be made and buggies to be turned out.

Ex. When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.

* * *

femenino calash

* * *

= horse and buggy, buggy, victoria.

Ex: It is certainly a new technology in the same sense that the 'horseless carriage' automobile was a different technology from the horse and buggy.

Ex: The emphasis on industrial production meant that niceties would have to wait: there were textiles to be made and buggies to be turned out.

Ex: When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.

* * *

calesa

feminine

calash

* * *

calesa sustantivo femenino buggy
' calesa' also found in these entries:
English:
buggy
- rickshaw

* * *

calesa nf

= open-topped horse-drawn carriage

Spanish-English dictionary > calesa
7 coche de caballos

carriage

* * *

(n.) = horse and buggy, buggy, victoria

Ex. It is certainly a new technology in the same sense that the 'horseless carriage' automobile was a different technology from the horse and buggy.

Ex. The emphasis on industrial production meant that niceties would have to wait: there were textiles to be made and buggies to be turned out.

Ex. When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.

* * *

carriage

* * *

(n.) = horse and buggy, buggy, victoria

Ex: It is certainly a new technology in the same sense that the 'horseless carriage' automobile was a different technology from the horse and buggy.

Ex: The emphasis on industrial production meant that niceties would have to wait: there were textiles to be made and buggies to be turned out.

Ex: When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.

* * *

coche de caballos

horse-drawn carriage

Spanish-English dictionary > coche de caballos
8 mundo

m.

1 world.

es un actor conocido en todo el mundo he's a world-famous actor

ha vendido miles de discos en todo el mundo she has sold thousands of records worldwide o all over the world

seres de otro mundo creatures from another planet

el Nuevo mundo the New World

el otro mundo the next world, the hereafter

el Tercer mundo the Third World

desde que el mundo es mundo since the dawn of time

el mundo es un pañuelo it's a small world

medio mundo half the world, a lot of people

no es cosa o nada del otro mundo it's nothing special

por nada del mundo not for (all) the world

se le cayó el mundo encima his world fell apart

todo el mundo everyone, everybody

traer al mundo to give birth to

venir al mundo to come into the world, to be born

el mundo del espectáculo show business

2 worldly-wisdom.

* * *

mundo

► nombre masculino

1 world

■ ha dado la vuelta al mundo dos veces he's been around the world twice

■ se cree que hay otros mundos habitados people believe that there are other inhabited worlds

■ vive aislado en su propio mundo he's isolated himself in his own little world

■ el mundo de la aristocracia the world of the aristocracy

■ el mundo del cine the cinema, the world of cinema

2 figurado (abismo) vast difference

■ entre su forma de vivir y la mía hay un mundo our ways of life are worlds apart

3 (baúl) trunk

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

caérsele/venírsele a alguien el mundo encima to see one's world turned upside down

correr/ver mundo to see places

desde que el mundo es mundo since the beginning of time

el mundo es un pañuelo it's a small world

hacer un mundo de algo to make a big fuss over something

medio mundo figurado absolutely everybody

no ser nada del otro mundo to be nothing to write home about

ponerse el mundo por montera not to care what people think

por nada del mundo not for all the world

ser una mujer/un hombre de mundo to be a woman/man of the world

tener mundo to know the ways of the world

traer al mundo to bring into the world

venir al mundo to come into the world

el fin del mundo the end of the world

el Nuevo Mundo the New World

el otro mundo the hereafter

el Tercer Mundo the Third World

* * *

noun m.

world

- todo el mundo

* * *

SM

1) (=lo creado) world

la Copa del Mundo — the World Cup

no hay nada mejor en el mundo — there's nothing better in the whole (wide) world

artistas de todo el mundo exponen sus obras — artists from all over the world are exhibiting their work

la prensa de todo el mundo dio la noticia — the world press reported the news

es conocido en todo el mundo — he is known throughout the world o the world over

es lo que más desea en el mundo — it's what she wants most in (all) the world

• el mundo antiguo — ancient world

• el Nuevo Mundo — the New World

• el otro mundo — the next world, the hereafter

irse al otro mundo — to pass away

• el Tercer Mundo — the Third World

• el Viejo Mundo — the Old World
hombre 1., 1)
2) (=humanidad)

• medio mundo — almost everybody

conoce a medio mundo — he knows almost everybody

estaba medio mundo — there were loads of people there

• todo el mundo — everyone, everybody

3) (=ámbito) world

el mundo de la moda — the fashion world

el mundo hispánico — the Hispanic world

en el mundo de las ideas — in the world o realm of ideas

en el mundo científico — in scientific circles

el mundo del espectáculo — show business

incorporarse al mundo del trabajo — to get a job

no piensa volver al mundo de la política — she doesn't intend to return to politics

4) (=vida mundana) world

decidió volver la espalda al mundo — he decided to abandon worldly things

los placeres del mundo — worldly pleasures

las tentaciones del mundo — the temptations of the flesh

5)

- así va el mundo

- correr mundo

ha corrido mucho mundo — he's been around a bit

- echar a algn al mundo

- echarse al mundo

- desde que el mundo es mundo

- se le cayó el mundo encima

- por esos mundos de Dios

- no es el fin del mundo

- aunque se hunda el mundo

no por eso se hundirá el mundo — it won't be the end of the world

- por nada del o en el mundo

no lo cambiaría por nada del mundo — I wouldn't change it for anything in the world o for all the world

- no es nada del otro mundo

hacer algo del otro mundo — to do something quite extraordinary

ponerse el mundo por montera —

se cansó de trabajar en una oficina, se puso el mundo por montera y se hizo artista — he grew tired of working in an office, so he threw caution to the wind and became an artist

se puso el mundo por montera y se fue a vivir al campo — he decided to go and live in the country and damn the consequences

- el mundo es un pañuelo

- tener mucho mundo

- tener poco mundo

- traer a algn al mundo

- como Dios lo trajo al mundo

- venir al mundo

tal como vino al mundo — stark naked

- ver mundo

ha visto mucho mundo — he's been around a bit
comer 3.
6)

• un mundo (=mucho) —

había todo un mundo de posibilidades — there was a whole world of possibilities

hay un mundo de distancia entre las dos ideologías — the two ideologies are worlds apart

no debemos hacer un mundo de sus comentarios — there's no need to blow her comments out of proportion, we shouldn't read too much into her comments

* * *

masculino

1) (el universo, la Tierra)

el mundo — the world

artistas venidos de todo el mundo — artists from all over the world

el mejor del mundo — the best in the world

me parece lo más normal del mundo — it seems perfectly normal to me

así anda el mundo — that's why the world is in the state it's in

comerse el mundo: parece que se va a comer el mundo he looks as if he could take on the world; correr mundo to get around; del otro mundo: no es nada del otro mundo he's/it's nothing special o (colloq) he's/it's nothing to write home about; desde que el mundo es mundo since time began, since time immemorial (liter); el mundo es un pañuelo it's a small world; hundirse or venirse abajo el mundo: por eso no se va a hundir el mundo it's not the end of the world; pensé que el mundo se me venía abajo I thought my world was falling apart; partir de este mundo (euf) to depart this life o world (euph); por nada del or en el mundo: yo no me lo pierdo por nada del mundo I wouldn't miss it for the world; no lo vendería por nada en el mundo I wouldn't sell it for anything in the world o (colloq) for all the tea in China; ponerse el mundo por montera to scorn the world and its ways; qué pequeño or chico es el mundo! it's a small world!; tal y como vino al mundo stark naked, as naked as the day he/she was born; traer a alguien/venir al mundo to bring somebody/come into the world; ver mundo — to see the world

2) (planeta, universo) planet, world

él vive en otro mundo — he's on another planet o in another world

por esos mundos de Dios — here, there and everywhere

3)

a) (porción de la realidad, de lo concebible) world

el mundo árabe — the Arab world

el mundo sobrenatural — the realm of the supernatural

b) ( de actividad humana) world

el mundo de los negocios/la droga — the business/drugs world

el mundo del espectáculo — showbusiness

4) ( gente)

todo el mundo — everybody

el mundo entero está en peligro — the whole world is in danger

se lo contó a medio mundo — he told just about everybody

5)

un mundo — (mucho, muchos)

un mundo de gente — crowds o hordes of people

de tu opinión a la mía hay un mundo — our opinions are worlds apart

todo se le hace un mundo — he lets everything get blown up out of all proportion

6)

a) ( vida material)

el mundo — the world

los placeres del mundo — worldly pleasures

b) ( experiencia)

tienen or han visto mucho mundo — they've been around

una mujer que tiene mucho mundo — a woman of the world

* * *

= scene, world.

Ex. A recent inexpensive introduction to the microcomputer scene, the Sinclair QL, uses a 32 bit processor (the Motorola 680008) and offers 128K RAM expandable to 640K.

Ex. Together they constitute the world's largest data base.

----

* abarcar el mundo = span + the globe.

* abrirse camino en el mundo = make + Posesivo + way in the world.

* afectar al mundo = span + the globe.

* ajeno al mundo = unwordly.

* al otro lado del mundo = half way (a)round the world.

* buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).

* campeonato del mundo = world cup.

* causar sensación en el mundo = make + a big noise in the world.

* cautivar al mundo = make + a big noise in the world.

* como si se acabara el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.

* como si se fuese a acabar el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.

* con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.

* con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.

* conocer (el) mundo = travel around + the world.

* correr mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* cubrir el mundo = span + the globe.

* culo del mundo, el = back of beyond, the.

* cultura del mundo impreso = print culture.

* dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.

* dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* del mundo real = real-world.

* de otro mundo = unworldly.

* desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.

* desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.

* deseoso de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.

* de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.

* de todo el mundo = world over, the, around the world, across the globe, from (all) around the world, throughout the world, around the globe, from (all) around the globe, all over the globe, from across the world, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* dueño del mundo, el = cock-of-the-walk.

* el dinero mueve al mundo = money makes the world go (a)round.

* el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.

* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.

* el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.

* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.

* el mundo es un pañuelo = it's a small world.

* en el culo del mundo = in the arse of nowhere.

* en el mundo = on the face of the earth, on the world stage.

* en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.

* en el mundo entero = all over the world, worldwide [world-wide], all around the world, throughout the world, around the planet, the world over.

* en el mundo nos rodea = out there.

* en todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], world over, the, around the world, all around the world, all over the world, across the globe, throughout the world, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over, in the whole world.

* en un mundo ideal = in an ideal world.

* en un mundo perfecto = in a perfect world.

* envidia del mundo, la = world's envy, the.

* experiencia del mundo = worldliness.

* experiencia del mundo real = real-world training.

* famoso en el mundo entero = world-renowned, world-renown.

* famoso en todo el mundo = world-famous [world famous], world-renowned, world-renown.

* Fomento de la Biblioteconomía en el Tercer Mundo (ALP) = Advancement of Librarianship in the Third World (ALP).

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.

* hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.

* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.

* incluir a todo el mundo = inclusivity.

* inclusión en el mundo de las redes = e-inclusion.

* inclusión en el mundo electrónico = e-inclusion.

* la mano que mece la cuna gobierna el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world, the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

* la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.

* maravilla del mundo = wonder of the world.

* mujer que tiene mucho mundo = a woman of the world.

* mundo académico = academe, academia.

* mundo académico, el = academic, the, academic world, the, world of academia, the.

* mundo analógico, el = analog world, the.

* mundo árabe, el = Arab world, the.

* mundo científico, el = scholarly community, the, scientific world, the.

* mundo clásico, el = classical world, the.

* mundo comercial, el = commercial world, the.

* mundo cotidiano = lifeworld [life world].

* mundo de fantasía = fantasy world, world of fancy.

* mundo de habla inglesa, el = English-speaking world, the.

* mundo de la ciencia, el = world of science, the, scientific world, the.

* mundo de la documentación, el = information world, the.

* mundo de la empresa = business world.

* mundo de la empresa, el = corporate world, the.

* mundo de la fantasía, el = world of make-believe, the, land of make-believe, the.

* mundo de la información, el = information world, the, information business, the, infosphere, the.

* mundo de la letra impresa, el = print world, the.

* mundo de la mafia, el = criminal scene, the, criminal world, the.

* mundo de la moda, el = fashion world, the, world of fashion, the.

* mundo de la música, el = music world, the.

* mundo de la música popular, el = Tin Pan Alley.

* mundo del arte, el = art world, the.

* mundo de las bibliotecas, el = library world, the.

* mundo de las drogas = drug culture.

* mundo de las empresas = business environment.

* mundo de las letras, el = world of letters, the.

* mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.

* mundo del espectáculo, el = show business.

* mundo del hampa = criminal underworld.

* mundo del hampa, el = criminal scene, the, criminal world, the.

* mundo del libro, el = book world, the.

* mundo de los medios de comunicación, el = mediascape, the.

* mundo de los negocios = business world, business environment.

* mundo del papel impreso, el = paper world, the.

* mundo desarrollado, el = developed world, the.

* mundo digital, el = digital world, the.

* mundo, el = globe, the.

* mundo electrónico, el = electronic world, the.

* mundo empresarial = business world, business environment.

* mundo empresarial, el = corporate world, the.

* mundo exterior, el = outside world, the.

* mundo fantástico = fantasy world.

* mundo feliz = brave new world.

* mundo + girar en torno a = enterprise + revolve on.

* mundo ideal, el = ideal world, the.

* mundo imaginado = imaginary world, imagined world.

* mundo imaginario = imaginary world, imagined world.

* mundo impreso, el = print world, the.

* mundo industrializado, el = industrialised world, the.

* mundo islámico, el = Islamic world, the.

* mundo laboral = job market, working world.

* mundo material = material world.

* mundo moderno = modern world, modernised world.

* mundo occidental, el = western world, the, West, the, Occident, the.

* mundo real, el = real world, the.

* mundos aparte = worlds apart, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.

* mundos opuestos = like oil and water.

* mundo utópico perverso = dystopia.

* navegar por el mundo = roam + the seven seas.

* ningún + Nombre + del mundo = all + Nombre + in the world.

* Nuevo Mundo, el = New World, the.

* país del tercer mundo = third world country.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* recorrer el mundo = travel around + the world.

* salvar el mundo = save + the world.

* ser dos mundos completamente distintos = be poles apart.

* ser el culo del mundo = be the pits.

* ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.

* Siete Maravillas del Mundo, las = Seven Wonders of the World, the.

* surcar los siete mares = sail + the seven seas.

* tener éxito en el mundo = succeed in + the world.

* tener lo mejor de ambos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.

* tener lo mejor de los dos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.

* tercer mundo, el = third world, the.

* todas las razones del mundo = every reason.

* todo el mundo = all and sundry, every Tom, Dick and Harry, everybody, each and everyone.

* todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.

* triunfar en el mundo = succeed in + the world.

* una mujer de mundo = a woman of the world.

* un hombre de mundo = a man of the world.

* un mundo aparte = a world apart, a breed apart.

* usuario del mundo de los negocios = business user.

* venir al mundo = come into + the world.

* ventana al mundo = window on/to the world.

* ver el mundo desde una perspectiva diferente = see + the world in a different light.

* ver mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* viajar por el mundo = travel around + the world.

* vida del mundo literario = literary life.

* Viejo Mundo, el = Old World, the.

* visión del mundo = world view [worldview/world-view].

* vivir en otro mundo = live in + cloud cuckoo land.

* vivir en un mundo aparte = inhabit + a world of + Posesivo + own.

* vivir mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* * *

masculino

1) (el universo, la Tierra)

el mundo — the world

artistas venidos de todo el mundo — artists from all over the world

el mejor del mundo — the best in the world

me parece lo más normal del mundo — it seems perfectly normal to me

así anda el mundo — that's why the world is in the state it's in

comerse el mundo: parece que se va a comer el mundo he looks as if he could take on the world; correr mundo to get around; del otro mundo: no es nada del otro mundo he's/it's nothing special o (colloq) he's/it's nothing to write home about; desde que el mundo es mundo since time began, since time immemorial (liter); el mundo es un pañuelo it's a small world; hundirse or venirse abajo el mundo: por eso no se va a hundir el mundo it's not the end of the world; pensé que el mundo se me venía abajo I thought my world was falling apart; partir de este mundo (euf) to depart this life o world (euph); por nada del or en el mundo: yo no me lo pierdo por nada del mundo I wouldn't miss it for the world; no lo vendería por nada en el mundo I wouldn't sell it for anything in the world o (colloq) for all the tea in China; ponerse el mundo por montera to scorn the world and its ways; qué pequeño or chico es el mundo! it's a small world!; tal y como vino al mundo stark naked, as naked as the day he/she was born; traer a alguien/venir al mundo to bring somebody/come into the world; ver mundo — to see the world

2) (planeta, universo) planet, world

él vive en otro mundo — he's on another planet o in another world

por esos mundos de Dios — here, there and everywhere

3)

a) (porción de la realidad, de lo concebible) world

el mundo árabe — the Arab world

el mundo sobrenatural — the realm of the supernatural

b) ( de actividad humana) world

el mundo de los negocios/la droga — the business/drugs world

el mundo del espectáculo — showbusiness

4) ( gente)

todo el mundo — everybody

el mundo entero está en peligro — the whole world is in danger

se lo contó a medio mundo — he told just about everybody

5)

un mundo — (mucho, muchos)

un mundo de gente — crowds o hordes of people

de tu opinión a la mía hay un mundo — our opinions are worlds apart

todo se le hace un mundo — he lets everything get blown up out of all proportion

6)

a) ( vida material)

el mundo — the world

los placeres del mundo — worldly pleasures

b) ( experiencia)

tienen or han visto mucho mundo — they've been around

una mujer que tiene mucho mundo — a woman of the world

* * *

el mundo

(n.) = globe, the

Ex: South Asia must make efforts to reach other parts of the globe in order to make the information age truly viable.

= scene, world.

Ex: A recent inexpensive introduction to the microcomputer scene, the Sinclair QL, uses a 32 bit processor (the Motorola 680008) and offers 128K RAM expandable to 640K.

Ex: Together they constitute the world's largest data base.

* abarcar el mundo = span + the globe.

* abrirse camino en el mundo = make + Posesivo + way in the world.

* afectar al mundo = span + the globe.

* ajeno al mundo = unwordly.

* al otro lado del mundo = half way (a)round the world.

* buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).

* campeonato del mundo = world cup.

* causar sensación en el mundo = make + a big noise in the world.

* cautivar al mundo = make + a big noise in the world.

* como si se acabara el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.

* como si se fuese a acabar el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.

* con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.

* con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.

* conocer (el) mundo = travel around + the world.

* correr mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* cubrir el mundo = span + the globe.

* culo del mundo, el = back of beyond, the.

* cultura del mundo impreso = print culture.

* dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.

* dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* del mundo real = real-world.

* de otro mundo = unworldly.

* desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.

* desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.

* deseoso de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.

* de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.

* de todo el mundo = world over, the, around the world, across the globe, from (all) around the world, throughout the world, around the globe, from (all) around the globe, all over the globe, from across the world, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* dueño del mundo, el = cock-of-the-walk.

* el dinero mueve al mundo = money makes the world go (a)round.

* el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.

* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.

* el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.

* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.

* el mundo es un pañuelo = it's a small world.

* en el culo del mundo = in the arse of nowhere.

* en el mundo = on the face of the earth, on the world stage.

* en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.

* en el mundo entero = all over the world, worldwide [world-wide], all around the world, throughout the world, around the planet, the world over.

* en el mundo nos rodea = out there.

* en todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], world over, the, around the world, all around the world, all over the world, across the globe, throughout the world, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over, in the whole world.

* en un mundo ideal = in an ideal world.

* en un mundo perfecto = in a perfect world.

* envidia del mundo, la = world's envy, the.

* experiencia del mundo = worldliness.

* experiencia del mundo real = real-world training.

* famoso en el mundo entero = world-renowned, world-renown.

* famoso en todo el mundo = world-famous [world famous], world-renowned, world-renown.

* Fomento de la Biblioteconomía en el Tercer Mundo (ALP) = Advancement of Librarianship in the Third World (ALP).

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.

* hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.

* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.

* incluir a todo el mundo = inclusivity.

* inclusión en el mundo de las redes = e-inclusion.

* inclusión en el mundo electrónico = e-inclusion.

* la mano que mece la cuna gobierna el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world, the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

* la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.

* maravilla del mundo = wonder of the world.

* mujer que tiene mucho mundo = a woman of the world.

* mundo académico = academe, academia.

* mundo académico, el = academic, the, academic world, the, world of academia, the.

* mundo analógico, el = analog world, the.

* mundo árabe, el = Arab world, the.

* mundo científico, el = scholarly community, the, scientific world, the.

* mundo clásico, el = classical world, the.

* mundo comercial, el = commercial world, the.

* mundo cotidiano = lifeworld [life world].

* mundo de fantasía = fantasy world, world of fancy.

* mundo de habla inglesa, el = English-speaking world, the.

* mundo de la ciencia, el = world of science, the, scientific world, the.

* mundo de la documentación, el = information world, the.

* mundo de la empresa = business world.

* mundo de la empresa, el = corporate world, the.

* mundo de la fantasía, el = world of make-believe, the, land of make-believe, the.

* mundo de la información, el = information world, the, information business, the, infosphere, the.

* mundo de la letra impresa, el = print world, the.

* mundo de la mafia, el = criminal scene, the, criminal world, the.

* mundo de la moda, el = fashion world, the, world of fashion, the.

* mundo de la música, el = music world, the.

* mundo de la música popular, el = Tin Pan Alley.

* mundo del arte, el = art world, the.

* mundo de las bibliotecas, el = library world, the.

* mundo de las drogas = drug culture.

* mundo de las empresas = business environment.

* mundo de las letras, el = world of letters, the.

* mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.

* mundo del espectáculo, el = show business.

* mundo del hampa = criminal underworld.

* mundo del hampa, el = criminal scene, the, criminal world, the.

* mundo del libro, el = book world, the.

* mundo de los medios de comunicación, el = mediascape, the.

* mundo de los negocios = business world, business environment.

* mundo del papel impreso, el = paper world, the.

* mundo desarrollado, el = developed world, the.

* mundo digital, el = digital world, the.

* mundo, el = globe, the.

* mundo electrónico, el = electronic world, the.

* mundo empresarial = business world, business environment.

* mundo empresarial, el = corporate world, the.

* mundo exterior, el = outside world, the.

* mundo fantástico = fantasy world.

* mundo feliz = brave new world.

* mundo + girar en torno a = enterprise + revolve on.

* mundo ideal, el = ideal world, the.

* mundo imaginado = imaginary world, imagined world.

* mundo imaginario = imaginary world, imagined world.

* mundo impreso, el = print world, the.

* mundo industrializado, el = industrialised world, the.

* mundo islámico, el = Islamic world, the.

* mundo laboral = job market, working world.

* mundo material = material world.

* mundo moderno = modern world, modernised world.

* mundo occidental, el = western world, the, West, the, Occident, the.

* mundo real, el = real world, the.

* mundos aparte = worlds apart, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.

* mundos opuestos = like oil and water.

* mundo utópico perverso = dystopia.

* navegar por el mundo = roam + the seven seas.

* ningún + Nombre + del mundo = all + Nombre + in the world.

* Nuevo Mundo, el = New World, the.

* país del tercer mundo = third world country.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* recorrer el mundo = travel around + the world.

* salvar el mundo = save + the world.

* ser dos mundos completamente distintos = be poles apart.

* ser el culo del mundo = be the pits.

* ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.

* Siete Maravillas del Mundo, las = Seven Wonders of the World, the.

* surcar los siete mares = sail + the seven seas.

* tener éxito en el mundo = succeed in + the world.

* tener lo mejor de ambos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.

* tener lo mejor de los dos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.

* tercer mundo, el = third world, the.

* todas las razones del mundo = every reason.

* todo el mundo = all and sundry, every Tom, Dick and Harry, everybody, each and everyone.

* todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.

* triunfar en el mundo = succeed in + the world.

* una mujer de mundo = a woman of the world.

* un hombre de mundo = a man of the world.

* un mundo aparte = a world apart, a breed apart.

* usuario del mundo de los negocios = business user.

* venir al mundo = come into + the world.

* ventana al mundo = window on/to the world.

* ver el mundo desde una perspectiva diferente = see + the world in a different light.

* ver mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* viajar por el mundo = travel around + the world.

* vida del mundo literario = literary life.

* Viejo Mundo, el = Old World, the.

* visión del mundo = world view [worldview/world-view].

* vivir en otro mundo = live in + cloud cuckoo land.

* vivir en un mundo aparte = inhabit + a world of + Posesivo + own.

* vivir mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* * *

mundo

masculine

A

(el universo, la Tierra): el mundo the world

todas las naciones del mundo all the nations of the world

artistas venidos de todo el mundo artists from all over the world

uno de los mejores del mundo one of the best in the world

me parece lo más normal del mundo it seems perfectly normal to me

nadie se preocupa por los problemas ajenos y así anda el mundo nobody worries about other people's problems, and that's why the world is in the state it's in

si todos fueran como tú ¿cómo estaría el mundo? if everyone was like you, where would we be?

soñar con un mundo mejor to dream of a better world

nuevo, otro¹ (↑ otro (1)), tercero¹ (↑ tercero (1)), viejo¹ (↑ viejo (1))

comerse el mundo: parece que se va a comer el mundo he looks as if he could take on the world

correr mundo to get around

del otro mundo: el libro no está mal, pero tampoco es nada del otro mundo the book isn't bad, but it's nothing special o ( colloq) nothing to shout about

el novio no es nada del otro mundo her boyfriend's nothing special o ( colloq) nothing to write home about

hablaba del lugar como si fuera algo del otro mundo he made it out to be the most fabulous place

desde que el mundo es mundo since time began, since time immemorial ( liter)

el mundo es un pañuelo it's a small world

hundirse or venirse abajo el mundo: no te preocupes, por eso no se va a hundir el mundo don't worry, it's not the end of the world

pensé que el mundo se me venía abajo I thought my world was falling apart o the bottom was falling out of my world

ponerse el mundo por montera to scorn the world and its ways

por nada del or en el mundo: no lo vendería por nada del or en el mundo I wouldn't sell it for anything in the world o ( colloq) for all the tea in China

yo no me lo pierdo por nada del or en el mundo I wouldn't miss it for the world

por nada del mundo quiso venir there was no way he'd come

por nada del mundo voy a repetir lo que me dijo nothing would induce me to repeat what he told me

¡qué pequeño or chico es el mundo! it's a small world!

tal y como vino al mundo stark naked, as naked as the day he/she was born

traer a algn al mundo to bring sb into the world, give birth to sb

venir al mundo to come into the world, be born

ver mundo to see the world

a beber y a tragar, que el mundo se va a acabar eat, drink and be merry (for tomorrow we die)

B (planeta, universo) planet, world

seres de otros mundos beings from other worlds o planets

no se entera de nada, él vive en otro mundo he hasn't a clue what's going on, he's on another planet o in another world

¿no lo sabías? ¿pero tú en qué mundo vives? didn't you know? where have you been hiding o where have you been? ( colloq)

por esos mundos de Dios here, there and everywhere, all over the place

C

1 (porción de la realidad, de lo concebible) world

el mundo vegetal the plant world

el mundo animal the animal world o kingdom

el mundo sobrenatural the realm of the supernatural

el mundo científico/capitalista/árabe the scientific/capitalist/Arab world

2 (de actividad humana) world

el mundo de las letras/de las artes the world of letters/of the arts

el mundillo del espectáculo showbusiness

el mundo artístico the artistic world

el mundo de los negocios/la droga the business/drugs world

D

(gente): lo sabe todo el mundo everybody o everyone knows it

el mundo entero está pendiente de sus declaraciones the whole world awaits his statement

fue y se lo contó a medio mundo he went and told just about everybody

E

un mundo (mucho, muchos): tengo un mundo de cosas que hacer I've got masses o hundreds of things to do

había un mundo de gente en la plaza there were crowds o hordes of people in the square

de tu opinión a la mía hay un mundo our opinions are worlds apart

hay un mundo entre viajar en primera y viajar en clase turista there's a world of difference between traveling first class and tourist class

cualquier problema se le hace un mundo he blows the slightest thing out of all proportion

F

1

(vida material): el mundo the world

los placeres del mundo worldly pleasures

dejar el mundo to renounce the world, to take holy orders

cuando vuelvas al mundo when you go back to the outside world

2

(experiencia): tienen or han visto mucho mundo they've seen a lot of life, they've been around

una mujer que tiene mucho mundo a woman of the world

hombre¹ (↑ hombre (1))

* * *

mundo sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) world;
◊ artistas venidos de todo el mundo artists from all over the world;

el mejor del mundo the best in the world;
me parece lo más normal del mundo it seems perfectly normal to me;
es conocido en todo el mundo he is known worldwide;
el mundo árabe the Arab world;
el mundo de la droga the drugs world;
el mundo del espectáculo showbusiness;
todo el mundo lo sabe everybody knows it;
el mundo es un pañuelo it's a small world;
por nada del or en el mundo: yo no me lo pierdo por nada del mundo I wouldn't miss it for the world;
no lo vendería por nada en el mundo I wouldn't sell it for anything in the world o (colloq) for all the tea in China;
traer a algn/venir al mundo to bring sb/come into the world;
ver mundo to see the world
2 (planeta, universo) planet, world;
◊ él vive en otro mundo he's on another planet o in another world

mundo sustantivo masculino
1 world
el mundo de la farándula, the show-business world
2 (seres humanos) todo el mundo, everybody
3 (experiencia) tener mucho mundo, to be a man/woman of the world
♦ Locuciones: caérsele/ venírsele el mundo encima, to be overwhelmed
nada del otro mundo, nothing special
por nada del mundo, not for all the world
ver mundo, to travel around
' mundo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
comparable
- consagración
- de
- desconectarse
- islámico
- más
- miss
- nada
- ni
- ombligo
- oro
- prioritaria
- prioritario
- proclamarse
- recorrer
- solidaria
- solidario
- tenerse
- tercer
- terráquea
- terráqueo
- toda
- todo
- tramoya
- universal
- valle
- venir
- voz
- vuelta
- actual
- aislado
- campeón
- clásico
- comercio
- conocer
- desquiciado
- emotivo
- entero
- espectáculo
- exterior
- fantasía
- globo
- interior
- natural
- naturalidad
- negocio
- parejo
- superpoblado
- tercero
- volver
English:
advanced
- agreement
- airport
- Armageddon
- around
- astronomical
- autonomous
- awe-inspiring
- best
- brink
- cat
- circle
- cloud cuckoo land
- cocoon
- common
- concerned
- cruise
- densely
- deny
- earth
- enunciate
- everybody
- everyone
- exist
- flash
- flirt
- globe trotting
- high
- home
- hot
- knowledge
- large
- male-dominated
- man
- manufacturer
- Miss World
- navigate
- never-never land
- over
- publishing
- quarrel
- revolve
- save
- sought-after
- sundry
- Third World
- ultimately
- wander
- wing
- world

* * *

mundo nm

1.
el mundo [la Tierra, el universo] the world;

el récord/campeón del mundo the world record/champion;

el mejor/mayor del mundo the best/biggest in the world;

es un actor conocido en todo el mundo he's a world-famous actor;

ha vendido miles de discos en todo el mundo she has sold thousands of records worldwide o all over the world;

seres de otro mundo creatures from another world;

el mundo árabe/desarrollado the Arab/developed world;

traer un niño al mundo to bring a child into the world;

venir al mundo to come into the world, to be born;

Comp

se le cayó el mundo encima his world fell apart;

Comp

no se va a caer o [m5] hundir el mundo por eso it's not the end of the world;

Comp

comerse el mundo: vino a la ciudad a comerse el mundo when he came to the city he was ready to take on the world;

Comp

¡hay que ver cómo está el mundo! what is the world coming to!;

Comp

desde que el mundo es mundo since the dawn of time;

Comp
Euf Anticuado
echarse al mundo [prostituirse] to go on the streets;

Comp

el mundo es un pañuelo it's a small world;

Comp

el mundo anda al revés the world has been turned on its head;

Comp

hacer un mundo de cualquier cosa o [m5] de algo sin importancia to make a mountain out of a molehill;

Comp

todo se le hace un mundo she makes heavy weather out of everything;

Comp

el otro mundo the next world, the hereafter;

Comp

irse al otro mundo to pass away;

Comp

mandar a alguien al otro mundo to kill sb;

Comp

no es nada del otro mundo it's nothing special;

Comp
Fam
se pone el mundo por montera she doesn't o couldn't give two hoots what people think;

Comp

por esos mundos de Dios: están de viaje por esos mundos de Dios they're travelling around (all over the place);

Comp

como nada en el mundo: querer a alguien como a nada en el mundo to love sb more than anything else in the world;

Comp

por nada del mundo: no me lo perdería por nada del mundo I wouldn't miss it for (all) the world o for anything;

Comp

tenemos todo el tiempo del mundo we have all the time in the world;

Comp

se le vino el mundo encima his world fell apart;

Comp

vivir en otro mundo to live in a world of one's own

2. [la civilización] world;

el mundo precolombino pre-Columbian civilizations

Comp
el Mundo Antiguo the Old World
3. [ámbito, actividad] world;

el mundo animal the animal kingdom o world;

el mundo rural the countryside, the country;

el mundo de los negocios/de las artes the business/art world;

el mundo del espectáculo show business;

Lupe vive en su (propio) mundo o [m5] en un mundo aparte Lupe lives in her own little world

4. [gente]
medio mundo half the world, a lot of people;

todo el mundo, Méx [m5] todo mundo everyone, everybody;

no vayas por ahí contándoselo a todo el mundo don't go around telling everyone;

pago mis impuestos como todo el mundo I pay my taxes the same as everyone else

5. [gran diferencia]
hay un mundo entre ellos they're worlds apart

6. [experiencia]
un hombre/una mujer de mundo a man/woman of the world;

correr mundo to see life;

tener (mucho) mundo to be worldly-wise, to know the ways of the world;

ver mundo to see life

7. [vida seglar]
renunciar al mundo to renounce the world

* * *

mundo

m world;

el Nuevo Mundo the New World;

el Tercer Mundo the Third World;

el otro mundo the next world;

nada del otro mundo nothing out of the ordinary;

todo el mundo everybody, everyone;

medio mundo just about everybody;

tiene mucho mundo he’s seen life;

correr o

ver mundo see the world;

traer a alguien al mundo bring s.o. into the world, give birth to s.o;

venir al mundo come into the world, be born;

desde que el mundo es mundo since time immemorial;

por nada del mundo not for anything in the world;

se le hundió el mundo, se le vino o

cayó el mundo encima his/her world fell apart

* * *

mundo nm

1) : world

2)

todo el mundo : everyone, everybody

* * *

mundo n world

le gustaría dar la vuelta al mundo she'd like to travel round the world

el mundo animal the animal world

el mundo del espectáculo show business

no ser nada del otro mundo to be nothing special

todo el mundo everybody / everyone

pienso decírselo a todo el mundo I'm going to tell everyone

Spanish-English dictionary > mundo
9 de

prep.

1 of.

el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car

es de ella it's hers

la pata de la mesa the table leg

La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]

2 from (procedencia, distancia).

salir de casa to leave home

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment

3 (made) of (materia).

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

un reloj de oro a gold watch

4 about (asunto).

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you

libros de historia history books

5 as.

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman

6 from (time) (since).

trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five

de madrugada early in the morning

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day

7 with (causa, modo).

morirse de hambre to die of hunger

llorar de alegría to cry with joy

de una patada with a kick

de una sola vez in one go

de tres en tres three at a time

8 if.

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it

9 to.

Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.

f.

1 letter d.

2 SD, standard deviation.

3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.

* * *

de

► nombre femenino

1 name of the letter d

————————

de

► preposición

1 (posesión, pertenencia) of

■ el libro de Juan Juan's book

■ el coche de mis padres my parents' car

■ el hermano de mi padre my father's brother

■ la mesa de mi habitación the table in my bedroom

2 (procedencia, origen) from

■ soy de Córdoba I'm from Córdoba

■ viene de Barcelona she comes from Barcelona

3 (descripción) with

■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl

■ el señor del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat

4 (tema) of, on, about

■ hablaron del tiempo they talked about the weather

5 (materia) made of, of

■ una mesa de madera a wooden table

■ un anillo de oro a gold ring

■ lo hicieron de plástico they made it out of plastic

6 (contenido) of

■ un vaso de agua a glass of water

7 (uso) for

■ aguja de calcetar knitting needle

■ gallo de pelea fighting cock

8 (oficio) by, as

■ trabaja de profesor he works as a teacher

■ es médico de profesión he's a doctor by profession

9 (modo) on, in, as

■ de pie standing up

■ estar de moda to be in fashion

10 (tiempo) at, by, in

■ de día by day, during the day

■ de noche at night

■ a las diez de la mañana at ten in the morning

11 (lugar) varias traducciones

■ la vecina de arriba our upstairs neighbour

■ el lavabo de abajo the downstairs toilet

■ la ventana de la derecha the window on the right

■ la puerta de la calle the street door

12 (precio) at

■ manzanas de dos euros el kilo apples at two euros a kilo

13 (medida) measuring

■ una botella de dos litros a two litre bottle

■ una mesa de un metro de ancho a metre-wide table

14 (causa) with, because of, of

■ llorar de alegría to cry with joy

■ morir de frío to die of cold

15 (agente) by

■ es una obra de Lope a play by Lope

16 (con superlativo) in, of

■ el mejor de España the best in Spain

■ el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three

17 (suposición) if

■ de haberlo dicho if he had told us

18 (en una aposición) of

■ la ciudad de Barcelona the city of Barcelona Table 1 NOTA See also del/Table 1

* * *

prep.

1) of

2) from

3) in, at

4) than

5) by

* * *

PREPOSITION

1) [relación] of

las calles de Madrid — the streets of Madrid

el alcalde de Valencia — the mayor of Valencia

cabo de Buena Esperanza — Cape of Good Hope

la ciudad de Madrid — the city of Madrid

en el mes de agosto — in the month of August

un libro de consulta — a reference book

un millón de euros — a million euros

la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

el interés del préstamo — the interest on the loan

la llave de mi cuarto — the key to my room

en el día de hoy — today

tuvieron la desgracia de perder el partido — they were unlucky enough to lose the match

ya era hora de que vinieses — it's about time you got here

el hecho de que yo no supiera nada — the fact that I didn't know anything about it

2) [pertenencia]

la casa de Isabel — Isabel's house

el coche de mi amigo — my friend's car

un familiar de mi vecina — a relative of my neighbour's

los coches de mis amigos — my friends' cars

el vestuario de las actrices — the actresses' dressing room

la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

es de ellos — it's theirs

esa contestación es muy de ella — that answer is typical of her

3) [característica, material]

una cadena de oro — a gold chain

no es de oro — it's not gold

una puerta de cristal — a glass door

una cocina de gas — a gas cooker

este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

ropa de buena calidad — good-quality clothes

un billete de primera clase — a first-class ticket

la niña de pelo largo — the girl with the long hair

ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat

pintado de rojo — painted red

lo tengo de varios colores distintos — I have it in several different colours

4) [contenido]

una caja de bombones — a box of chocolates

una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

una bolsita de té — a tea bag

estaba hecha un saco de nervios — she was a bundle of nerves

5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

soy de Galicia — I'm from Galicia

Julia no es de aquí — Julia is not from round here

los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

es de buena familia — he's from a good family

vuelo 507 (procedente) de Londres — flight 507 from London

vive a 20km de Madrid — she lives 20km from Madrid

aléjate del fuego — move away from the fire

marcó un gol a dos minutos del final del partido — he scored two minutes from the end of the match

el tren de Santiago — the Santiago train

el avión pasó a muy poca altura del suelo — the plane flew by at very low altitude

salir del cine — to come out of the cinema
de... a...
vivió de 1898 a 1937 — he lived from 1898 to 1937

de mi casa a la suya hay 5km — it is 5km from my house to his

de mayo a julio — from May to July

del 15 al 30 — from the 15th to the 30th

6) [causa]

murió de viejo — he died from old age

me dolían los pies de tanto andar — my feet were sore from all that walking

de puro cansado — out of sheer tiredness

no podía moverse de miedo — he was rigid with fear

estar loco de alegría — to be wild with joy

saltar de alegría — to jump for joy

7) [manera]

lo derribó de un solo puñetazo — he felled him with a single blow

se puso a mi lado de un salto — he jumped to my side

se lo bebió de un trago — he drank it all down in one go
de... en...
iban entrando de dos en dos — they came in two by two

bajó la escalera de tres en tres — he came down the stairs three at a time

de puerta en puerta — from door to door

8) (=respecto de)

estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

es fuerte de brazos — he has strong arms

paralizado de las dos piernas — paralysed in both legs

es muy estrecho de hombros — he doesn't have very broad shoulders

9) [tema] about

un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

hablaba de política — he was talking about politics

no sé nada de él — I don't know anything about him

una clase de francés — a French class

10) [uso]

máquina de coser — sewing machine

goma de mascar — chewing gum

11) [cantidad, medida, valor]

un chico de quince años — a fifteen-year-old boy

un viaje de dos días — a two-day journey

un embarazo de siete meses — a seven-month pregnancy

una moneda de 5 pesos — a 5-peso coin

tiene un metro de alto — it's a metre high

12) [con horas y fechas]

a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

muy de mañana — very early in the morning

el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

13) [tiempo]

de día — during the day(time)

de noche — at night

de niño — as a child

de mayor voy a ser médico — when I grow up I'm going to be a doctor

14) [proporción]

tres de cada cuatro — three out of every four

15) [uso partitivo] of

uno de nosotros — one of us

comió un poco de pastel — she ate a bit of cake

¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

16) [autoría] by

un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

las películas de Almodóvar — Almodóvar's films

17) [como complemento agente] by

fue amado de todos — he was loved by all

el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

tiene dos hijos de su primera mujer — he has two children by his first wife

18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

el imbécil de Fernández — that idiot Fernández

es un encanto de persona — he's a lovely person

19) [en comparaciones] than

es más difícil de lo que creía — it's more difficult than I thought

más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people

20) [con superlativos] in

el peor alumno de la clase — the worst pupil in the class

el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

es el coche más caro del mercado — it's the dearest car on the market

21) + infin

un problema fácil de resolver — an easily solved problem

un libro agradable de leer — a nice book to read
ser de ({+ infin}8})
es de admirar su lealtad — his loyalty is admirable

es de esperar que recibamos una pronta respuesta — it is to be hoped that we receive a prompt reply

sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

la acusaban de hipócrita — they accused her of being a hypocrite

colmar de elogios a algn — to shower praise on sb

se dio cuenta de que lo sabía — she realized (that) she knew it

de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

disfrutar de la vida — to enjoy life

¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

limpiar algo de polvo — to dust sth

llenar algo de algo — to fill sth with sth

se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch

trabaja de camarero — he works as a waiter

lo uso de despensa — I use it as a pantry

vestido de azul — dressed in blue

23) [uso condicional] if

de ser posible — if possible

de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

de resultar esto así — if this turns out to be true

de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

de no — LAm (=si no) otherwise

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de †frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

* * *

de¹

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

Sentido I

A

(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday

el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues

no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted ( frml); your father

un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's

es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend

un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student

el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson

la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table

la correa del perro the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets

la subida de los precios the rise in prices

al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting

B

1 (introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport

el mes de enero the month of January

el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother

el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her

2

(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!

¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)

C

(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado

las señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

D

( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's

Sentido II

A

1

(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank

es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá

lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor

mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America

he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia

un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda as he left the store

DE … A …:

de aquí a tu casa from here to your house

2 (en el tiempo) from

un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend

data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century

la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period

lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales

de un día para otro from one day to the next

DE … A …:

está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five

de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet

B

(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age

verde de envidia green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much

eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little

Sentido III

A

(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience

un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste

objetos de mucho valor objects of great value

un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish

¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored

ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother

tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child

una botella de un litro a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child

déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo

la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat

la señora de azul the lady in blue

un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair

un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]

B

(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish

son de plástico they're (made of) plastic

un curso de secretariado a secretarial course

nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne

una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps

un millón de dólares a million dollars

C

(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!

¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!

D

(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it

aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button

E

1

(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

2 (en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29

3

(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow

subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time

de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually

4

(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours

entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente² m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]

F (en calidad de) as

está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school

le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor

hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play

le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man

G

1

(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face

es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered

es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide

2

(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child

H

(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]

I

(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush

el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver

lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses

dales algo de comer give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]

J (introduciendo el complemento agente) by

una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel

seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family

una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees

viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice

acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife

Sentido IV

A

1 (sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine

el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children

un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink

2

(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all

la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world

B

(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night

duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning

ver tb mañana³ f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), etc

Sentido V (con sentido condicional)

A DE + INF:

de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier

de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered

de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists

B SER DE + INF

(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …

no son de fiar they are not to be trusted

es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note

C

de no ( AmL); if not

de²

feminine

name of the letter D

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dé trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dé un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dé en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
◊ con eso me déía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1
a) (pertenencia, posesión):

◊ la casa dé dé mis padres my parents' house;

el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
b) ( con un nombre en aposición) of;

◊ la ciudad dé Lima the city of Lima;

el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
b) (material, contenido, composición):

◊ son dé plástico they're (made of) plastic;

una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollars
c) (causa, modo):

◊ murió dé viejo he died of old age;

dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
d) ( en oraciones pasivas) by;

◊ un poema dé Neruda a poem by Neruda;

rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3
a) (cualidades, características):

◊ de gran inteligencia of great intelligence;

objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blue
b) (al definir, especificar):

◊ el botón dé abajo the bottom button;

tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4
a) ( con cifras):

◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than;

◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;

pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo):

◊ es el más caro dé todos it's the most expensive one;

la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
d) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día):

◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;

dé madrugada early in the morning
5
a) ( en calidad de) as;

◊ trabaja dé secretaria she works as a secretary;

hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):

◊ dé mal humor in a bad mood;

estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):

◊ el cepillo dé la ropa the clothes brush;

copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
◊ dé haberlo sabido if I had known, had I known;

dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see
◊ dar

dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test

* * *

de prep de combines with the article el to form the contraction del (e.g. del hombre of the man).

1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;

el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;

es de ella it's hers;

la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;

el padre de la niña the girl's father;

el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;

la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;

un equipo de segunda división a second division team;

la comida del gato the cat's food;

el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;

la pata de la mesa the table leg;

una subida de precios a price rise;

los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro

2. [procedencia, distancia] from;

salir de casa to leave home;

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;

no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;

estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;

el rey de España the king of Spain;

tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;

b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona

3. [en razonamiento]
de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;

del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work

4. [con nombre en aposición]
la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;

el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;

el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;

el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena

5. [en descripciones]
una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;

la señora de verde the lady in green;

el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;

una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;

¿de qué tamaño? what size?;

un político de fiar a trustworthy politician

6. [materia] (made) of;

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;

un reloj de oro a gold watch;

una mesa de madera a wooden table

7. [contenido]
un vaso de agua a glass of water;

un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils

8. [precio]
he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;

un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp

9. [uso]
una bici de carreras a racing bike;

ropa de deporte sportswear;

una máquina de escribir a typewriter;

una máquina de coser a sewing machine;

esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes

10. [asunto] about;

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;

libros de historia history books

11. [en calidad de] as;

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;

aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;

estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;

al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade

12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
[durante] in;
trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;

vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;

de madrugada early in the morning;

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;

es de día it's daytime;

de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;

¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;

un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
Urug
de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
Urug
de noche at night;
Urug
ayer salimos de noche we went out last night

13. [causa] with;

morirse de hambre to die of hunger;

llorar de alegría to cry with joy;

temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;

eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much

14. [manera, modo] with;

de una patada with a kick;

rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;

de una sola vez in one go;

lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;

de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
CSur
de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;

de fácil manejo user-friendly;

ponerse de rodillas to kneel down

15. [con valor partitivo] of;

uno de los nuestros one of ours;

varios de nosotros several of us;

¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?

16. Literario [sobre]
de la paz y la guerra of war and peace

17. [en valoración]
lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar

18. [en lugar de]
yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;

yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her

19. [en comparaciones]
más/menos de… more/less than…;
[con superlativos]
el mejor de todos the best of all;

el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;

la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;

la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market

20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;

de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;

la buena de Susana good old Susana;

¡pobre de mí! poor me!

22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;

una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening

23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
he de trabajar más I have to work harder;

has de gastar menos you should spend less

24. (antes de complemento agente)
una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;

vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family

25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;

la fila de delante the front row

♦ de no loc conj
Am otherwise;
dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you

* * *

de

prp

1 origen from;

de Nueva York from New York;

de … a from … to

2 posesión of;

el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car

3 material (made) of;

un anillo de oro a gold ring

4 contenido of;

un vaso de agua a glass of water

5 cualidad

:

una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman

6 causa with;

temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear

7 hora

:

de noche at night, by night;

de día by day

8 en calidad de as;

trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;

de niño as a child

9 agente by;

de Goya by Goya

10 condición if;

de haberlo sabido if I’d known

11 en aposición

:

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

* * *

de prep

1) : of

la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house

un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy

2) : from

es de Managua: she's from Managua

salió del edificio: he left the building

3) : in, at

a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning

salen de noche: they go out at night

4) : than

más de tres: more than three

dé dar

* * *

de prep

1. (posesión de alguien) 's

el coche de Alberto Alberto's car

los gatos de Emma Emma's cats

la profesora de Marta Marta's teacher

es de mi hermano it's my brother's

2. (posesión de algo) of

la ciudad de Roma the city of Rome

el mes de noviembre the month of November

el teléfono del colegio the school phone

los árboles del jardín the trees in the garden

3. (materia)

un balón de cuero a leather ball

muebles de madera wooden furniture

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

4. (contenido) of

una botella de agua a bottle of water

un paquete de arroz a packet of rice

un vaso de leche a glass of milk

5. (materia, tema)

profesor de inglés English teacher

novela de aventuras adventure story

película de terror horror film

6. (origen, procedencia) from

es de Asturias he's from Asturias

esta carretera va de Salamanca a Zamora this road goes from Salamanca to Zamora

7. (descripción) with / in

la chica del pelo largo the girl with long hair

el hombre de negro the man in black

un chico de doce años a twelve year old boy

8. (agente) by

un libro de Rosa Montero a book by Rosa Montero

9. (con expresiones de tiempo)

es la una de la tarde it's one o'clock in the afternoon

el tren de las diez the ten o'clock train

abren de nueve a siete they open from nine until seven

nunca viajamos de noche we never travel at night

de niño when I was a child

10. (con números, una parte) than / of

había más de mil personas there were more than a thousand people

pesa menos de 5 kilos it weighs less than 5 kilos

un trozo de pan a piece of bread

Spanish-English dictionary > de
10 Castner, Hamilton Young

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

b. 11 September 1858 Brooklyn, New York, USA

d. 11 October 1899 Saranoe Lake, New York, USA

[br]

American chemist, inventor of the electrolytic production of sodium.

[br]

Around 1850, the exciting new metal aluminium began to be produced by the process developed by Sainte-Claire Deville. However, it remained expensive on account of the high cost of one of the raw materials, sodium. It was another thirty years before Castner became the first to work successfully the process for producing sodium, which consisted of heating sodium hydroxide with charcoal at a high temperature. Unable to interest American backers in the process, Castner took it to England and set up a plant at Oldbury, near Birmingham. At the moment he achieved commercial success, however, the demand for cheap sodium plummeted as a result of the development of the electrolytic process for producing aluminium. He therefore sought other uses for cheap sodium, first converting it to sodium peroxide, a bleaching agent much used in the straw-hat industry. Much more importantly, Castner persuaded the gold industry to use sodium instead of potassium cyanide in the refining of gold. With the "gold rush", he established a large market in Australia, the USA, South Africa and elsewhere, but the problem was to meet the demand, so Castner turned to the electrolytic method. At first progress was slow because of the impure nature of the sodium hydroxide, so he used a mercury cathode, with which the released sodium formed an amalgam. It then reacted with water in a separate compartment in the cell to form sodium hydroxide of a purity hitherto unknown in the alkali industry; chlorine was a valuable by-product.

In 1894 Castner began to seek international patents for the cell, but found he had been anticipated in Germany by Kellner, an Austrian chemist. Preferring negotiation to legal confrontation, Castner exchanged patents and processes with Kellner, although the latter's had been less successful. The cell became known as the Castner-Kellner cell, but the process needed cheap electricity and salt, neither of which was available near Oldbury, so he set up the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company works at Runcorn in Cheshire; at the same time, a pilot plant was set up in the USA at Saltville, Virginia, with a larger plant being established at Niagara Falls.

[br]

Further Reading

A.Fleck, 1947, "The life and work of Hamilton Young Castner" (Castner Memorial Lecture), Chemistry and Industry 44:515-; Fifty Years of Progress: The Story of the Castner-Kellner Company, 1947.

T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 549–50 (provides a summary of his work).

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Castner, Hamilton Young

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market turned south

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market turned south

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